Heat exhaustion and heatstroke demand fast action. Both conditions stem from the body's failure to regulate temperature in extreme heat, but heatstroke is a medical emergency that can turn fatal within minutes.
Heat exhaustion arrives first. Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache, and muscle cramps. Skin stays pale and clammy. Body temperature may rise to 38°C or higher, but the person remains conscious. Move them indoors or to shade immediately. Lay them flat with legs elevated. Cool their skin with water, ice packs, or damp cloths. Give them water to drink in small sips. Recovery typically takes hours. If symptoms persist beyond 30 minutes, seek medical help.
Heatstroke skips the sweating phase. The person stops sweating entirely, their skin becomes hot and red, and confusion sets in. They may lose consciousness, have seizures, or experience rapid heartbeat. Body temperature exceeds 40°C. This is a 999 call moment. While waiting for emergency services, cool them aggressively. Submerge them in cold water if possible, or use ice packs on the neck, armpits, and groin where major blood vessels sit near the skin. Remove excess clothing. Do not give them fluids to drink if they're unconscious.
Prevention matters most. Limit outdoor time during peak heat hours (11am to 3pm). Drink water constantly, not just when thirsty. Wear loose, light clothing. Never leave anyone in parked cars. Older adults, young children, pregnant women, and people with existing health conditions face higher risk.
The difference between the two conditions determines your response. Heat exhaustion feels unpleasant but manageable with rest and fluids. Heatstroke is a life-or-death situation requiring immediate professional intervention. Knowing these distinctions saves lives.